~ Dear Doctor Part II ~
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REFERRAL TO OXFORD MUSHROOMOriginally posted by The Emperor:Reno... may I ask one question? Not sure if u know how to answer... but here it goes: -
I was still kinda surprised that many doctors do not know the cause for an illness called Lymphoma. I'm talking about the non-hoshkins (dunno correct spelling anot) type B kind.
It's also classified as a cancerous illness and needs to undergo chemotherapy (and radiotherapy, if needed).
So, do u know what will cause Lymphoma to surface?
oxford mushroom who specializes in blood malignancies may be able to answer your question more proficiently since he has done research on this things.
However on my side, clinically so to speak, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma's (NHL) prime origin or cause has been linked to HIV infection, HTLV-1 infection and EBV infection.
HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HTLV-1 - Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1
EBV - Epstein Barr Virus
Others include immunosuppression (TB, chronic steroid intake, immune system disorders - hypogammaglobulinaemia, and there has been a recent study on suppression of immune system from chronic sunlight exposure)... -
For those of you who still have anymore questions, you can post here since I do still visit here...
I will try my best to answer your queries ASAP... -
Originally posted by renorenal:
How does one get those virus? I thought HIV is for AIDS one?
[b]REFERRAL TO OXFORD MUSHROOM
oxford mushroom who specializes in blood malignancies may be able to answer your question more proficiently since he has done research on this things.
However on my side, clinically so to speak, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma's (NHL) prime origin or cause has been linked to HIV infection, HTLV-1 infection and EBV infection.
HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HTLV-1 - Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1
EBV - Epstein Barr Virus
Others include immunosuppression (TB, chronic steroid intake, immune system disorders - hypogammaglobulinaemia, and there has been a recent study on suppression of immune system from chronic sunlight exposure)...
[/b] -
Lymphoma is a relatively uncommon type of cancer and until recently we know so little of them that even the names of lymphoma were in dispute. The two main groups are Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Among non-Hodgkin lymphoma, they can be subdivided into B-cell, T-cell, NK/T cells or histiocytic subgroups. There are many different disease entities in each subgroup.Originally posted by The Emperor:Reno... may I ask one question? Not sure if u know how to answer... but here it goes: -
I was still kinda surprised that many doctors do not know the cause for an illness called Lymphoma. I'm talking about the non-hoshkins (dunno correct spelling anot) type B kind.
It's also classified as a cancerous illness and needs to undergo chemotherapy (and radiotherapy, if needed).
So, do u know what will cause Lymphoma to surface?
Your question is about the cause of lymphoma. For Hodgkin lymphoma, many are due to a virus known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). You said you are interested in B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The problem is that there are many different disease entities under this heading. The cause is known for some of them and unknown for many of them. To discuss further, we need to know what type of B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma you are interested in. For example. one type known as extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) type is common in the stomach and is usually due to a bacteria known as Helicobacter pylori. Another type which is very aggressive, known as Burkitt lymphoma, is due to the EBV virus, and is endemic in parts of Africa but we do see it in our population as well. However, the cause for many other subtypes is still unknown although we have some idea of the mechanism and the genetic changes leading to the cancer. -
Yes, HIV can give rise to lymphoma as well. What actually happens is that because of the immune deficiency caused by HIV, another virus, EBV becomes active and causes a number of lymphoma types.Originally posted by rainee:How does one get those virus? I thought HIV is for AIDS one?
The EBV virus is common all over the world and gives rise to a mild flu-like infection in most people known as infectious mononucleosis. It is transmitted by close contact and respiratory droplets...we used to call it the kissing disease as it tends to come up each year when we have a new batch of undergrads...so rainee and emperor beware
most people recover with no further problems but in a small proportion of people it causes nasopharyngeal carcinoma (nose cancer) and nasal NK/T cell lymphoma ( type of Non-Hodgkin T cell lymphoma) later in life. This virus also has a receptor for B-lymphocyte, so in immune-deficient patients like those with AIDS, it can re-activate and cause a B-cell lymphoma or Hodgkin lymphoma.
HTLV-1 as mentioned by renorenal is not seen in Singapore. It is endemic in Japan and the Caribbean. It causes a rare type of lymphoma known as Adult T-cell leukaemia lymphoma (ATLL). -
reno got another forum liao then my forum thread lies to waste. 
i wanted to ask this: they say during menstration, gals shouldnt drink green tea or take pineapple and watermelon. true or not> and why ah??? -
eh..it will cause you to have a heavier flow?Originally posted by starblue: reno got another forum liao then my forum thread lies to waste.
i wanted to ask this: they say during menstration, gals shouldnt drink green tea or take pineapple and watermelon. true or not> and why ah???
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Papaya contains a substance called papain, which is said to cause uterine contraction in some pregnant animals. For that reason, it was used to induce an abortion in India but really you need heaps of it to work (if it does). As it may induce uterine contraction, it may help to expel mestrual blood during a period. The data on papain is very old...I only know of a paper in 1960 and I have never advocated papaya as a means of regulating menses.Originally posted by starblue: reno got another forum liao then my forum thread lies to waste.
i wanted to ask this: they say during menstration, gals shouldnt drink green tea or take pineapple and watermelon. true or not> and why ah???
I do not know about green tea or water melon in this context. Perhaps renorenal may have more current information....O&G is not my field and the last baby i delivered must be in secondary school by now
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from what i wanna know... is the agressive type, and needs to be treated as soon as possible. it will swell up the face and later the body. it causes bruises all over the chest and there's breathing problem when lying down. also, it started when one feels a little lump in the lower throat area but have no idea what izzit.. furthermore, it is confirmed to be somewhere around the windpipe and lung close to the heart area, a tumour the size of a football (12cm).Originally posted by oxford mushroom:Lymphoma is a relatively uncommon type of cancer and until recently we know so little of them that even the names of lymphoma were in dispute. The two main groups are Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Among non-Hodgkin lymphoma, they can be subdivided into B-cell, T-cell, NK/T cells or histiocytic subgroups. There are many different disease entities in each subgroup.
Your question is about the cause of lymphoma. For Hodgkin lymphoma, many are due to a virus known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). You said you are interested in B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The problem is that there are many different disease entities under this heading. The cause is known for some of them and unknown for many of them. To discuss further, we need to know what type of B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma you are interested in. For example. one type known as extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) type is common in the stomach and is usually due to a bacteria known as Helicobacter pylori. Another type which is very aggressive, known as Burkitt lymphoma, is due to the EBV virus, and is endemic in parts of Africa but we do see it in our population as well. However, the cause for many other subtypes is still unknown although we have some idea of the mechanism and the genetic changes leading to the cancer. -
hmm...i got a question...actually is quite weird...sometimes I woke up from my dream, my heart will be beating very very fast...and inside the dream I would feel like I was feeling suffocated...then when I woke up I will also feel like my legs are numb and very weak, like I cudnt move them...only after a few seconds then I can move them...dunno wat's wrong with me?
It happened once quite a while ago...then it happened again just now... -
Sounds like sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. Quite common and not to worry too much..you can read more here:Originally posted by rainee:hmm...i got a question...actually is quite weird...sometimes I woke up from my dream, my heart will be beating very very fast...and inside the dream I would feel like I was feeling suffocated...then when I woke up I will also feel like my legs are numb and very weak, like I cudnt move them...only after a few seconds then I can move them...dunno wat's wrong with me?
It happened once quite a while ago...then it happened again just now...
http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/~acheyne/S_P.html
http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/~acheyne/S_P2.html
http://neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu/neurowebforum/GeneralFeedbackArticles/sleepparalysis.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_paralysis -
Of the aggressive forms of Non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas, the most aggressive is Burkitt lymphoma, which is caused by the EBV virus. This disease has to be treated very quickly with strong chemotherapy but a cure is possible, although not everyone can withstand the strong drugs that have to be used. Various forms of large B-cell lymphoma are also rather aggressive.Originally posted by The Emperor:from what i wanna know... is the agressive type, and needs to be treated as soon as possible. it will swell up the face and later the body. it causes bruises all over the chest and there's breathing problem when lying down. also, it started when one feels a little lump in the lower throat area but have no idea what izzit.. furthermore, it is confirmed to be somewhere around the windpipe and lung close to the heart area, a tumour the size of a football (12cm).
With aggressive lymphomas, the treatment may be as likely to kill the patient as the cancer so the doctor has to consider the health and youth of the patient, the aggressiveness of the cancer and the patient's own desire to decide on the treatment. It is therefore important to type or classify the lymphoma accurately, so that the oncologists can predict its prognosis and use the most appropriate therapy.
A little lump in the throat was likely an enlarged lymph node. Bruises all over the body can be due to low platelet count, which may occur because the cancer has replaced the bone marrow. Swelling of the face and breathing problems when lying down may occur with a large mediastinal tumour such as primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma more common in females and located in the chest cavity but to know the type, you need to look at the histology. We can keep on speculating but there are quite a number of possibilities so you will have to ask the doctor as to what is the histological diagnosis.
Many people do not realize that with cancers it is not the GP, surgeon or oncologist you see who makes the diagnosis. It is made by a pathologist, who works behind the scene to provide consultation to various medical doctors. Lymphoma diagnosis is more difficult than other cancers, requiring advanced techniques using immunohistochemistry and increasingly, techniques in molecular genetics. For example, in this case, one must confirm or exclude Burkitt lymphoma, a very aggressive tumour, by its immunophenotype and whether there is a translocation of a gene, known as c-myc. -
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Thanks a lot for your replies oxford mushroom. I find it very informative...
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I concur with oxford mushroom on this condition...Originally posted by oxford mushroom:Sounds like sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. Quite common and not to worry too much..you can read more here:
http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/~acheyne/S_P.html
http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/~acheyne/S_P2.html
http://neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu/neurowebforum/GeneralFeedbackArticles/sleepparalysis.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_paralysis -
HIV is transmitted through shared needles, pregnancy, sex, blood transfusion, hemodialysis and needle prick injuries from the affected.Originally posted by rainee:How does one get those virus? I thought HIV is for AIDS one?
HIV leads to immunosuppression as it affects the T4 cells causing it to decline over time rapidly. The body tries to regenerate and compete with the loss initially, but over time, the body is itself exhausted over such potential. When this happens, AIDS steps into the picture and takes control of the body leading to poor immune system and development of opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (which is common amongst the prisoners, crowded conditions and poor hygiene). Partnership between AIDS and TB has created a strain of MultiDrug Resistant TB (MDRTB) which is resistant to its common baseline of drugs.
Aside from TB, they also partner up with loads of complications such as skin diseases (fungal infection, which do not normally affect healthy individuals), succumbing to prolonged cold and fever which never seems to get well, unhealing wounds and more...
Because T4 cells are the fighting cells (first line) in the body against most cellular infections (B cells are humoral, most of them forms antibodies to attack against foreign agents and are considered second line) such as all the bacteriums, its destruction or depletion or dysfunction will lead to an increased risk of infections... -
I'm truly sorry that I do not have the answer to your questions...Originally posted by starblue: reno got another forum liao then my forum thread lies to waste.
i wanted to ask this: they say during menstration, gals shouldnt drink green tea or take pineapple and watermelon. true or not> and why ah???
I think these questions would be best suited for a doctor who practices homeopathic medicine. -
Originally posted by oxford mushroom:
Papaya contains a substance called papain, which is said to cause uterine contraction in some pregnant animals. For that reason, it was used to induce an abortion in India but really you need heaps of it to work (if it does). As it may induce uterine contraction, it may help to expel mestrual blood during a period. The data on papain is very old...I only know of a paper in 1960 and I have never advocated papaya as a means of regulating menses.
I do not know about green tea or water melon in this context. Perhaps renorenal may have more current information.... O&G is not my field and the last baby i delivered must be in secondary school by now 
Mine probably is just a few months old -
wow.. oxford mushroom impresses me.
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Now u know... I dont choose people by random oneOriginally posted by starblue:wow.. oxford mushroom impresses me. 
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*smacks her forehead*Originally posted by alexkusu:Now u know... I dont choose people by random one
ROFL -
i guess u feel honoured now huh?Originally posted by alfagal:*smacks her forehead*
ROFL -
Originally posted by alexkusu:Now u know... I dont choose people by random one
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Originally posted by hisoka:
u thought i simply choose one also ah -
nono tat wasnt wat i meant but ur reply v funny..really made me luff..Originally posted by alexkusu:i guess u feel honoured now huh? 
cos starblue was lik being serious n all..then u came up w such comment..*unexpected*